Which of the following represents a food web?

The concept of a food web encompasses the complex interactions between various organisms within an ecosystem, illustrating how energy and nutrients flow through different trophic levels. A food web is not simply a linear sequence of who-eats-who, but rather a network of interconnected food chains that highlights the diverse feeding relationships among species in an ecosystem.

Option D accurately captures this complexity by recognizing that it involved multiple organisms and their interactions, showing that various species can be interconnected through various roles as predators, prey, competitors, and more. This definition aligns well with ecological principles, as it emphasizes the intricate and multi-faceted nature of food relationships that sustain ecosystems.

In contrast, the other options present simplified or incomplete perspectives. For example, listing individual organisms or focusing solely on predator-prey dynamics does not encompass the full scope of a food web. A complete understanding of food webs requires considering all species involved and the various pathways of energy transfer, hence making option D the most representative of a food web.