Which of the following contributes most to habitat fragmentation?

Urban development is a leading factor contributing to habitat fragmentation primarily because it involves the transformation of natural landscapes into built environments. This process often results in the clearing of forests, wetlands, and other natural habitats to make way for roads, buildings, and infrastructure. Such developments create physical barriers that divide ecosystems and disrupt the connectivity between habitats, making it more difficult for wildlife to migrate, find food, and reproduce.

In contrast, natural disasters, while they can lead to temporary changes in habitats, typically do not have the same long-term, systematic impact as urban development. Sustainable farming practices aim to minimize environmental degradation and can promote stronger ecological connectivity rather than fragmentation. Reforestation can actively work to restore habitats and even improve connectivity by linking fragmented areas. Therefore, the scale and intention behind urban development are what make it a significant driver of habitat fragmentation compared to other options.