Which act provides protection for fish and wildlife during federal modifications of water bodies?

The Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1934 specifically addresses the protection of fish and wildlife when federal agencies are involved in the modification of water bodies. This legislation mandates that federal agencies consult with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and state agencies to ensure that the needs of wildlife are considered and addressed during projects that can impact aquatic ecosystems. The act aims to minimize negative impacts on fish and wildlife and promote their conservation in the face of development or alterations to habitats.

The Wildlife Protection Act, while focused on conserving and protecting wildlife, does not specifically address the context of federal modifications to water bodies. The Clean Air Act deals primarily with air quality and pollution control, and the Coastal Zone Management Act concerns coastal resources and development, making them less relevant to the specific protection of fish and wildlife during water body modifications. Therefore, the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act is recognized as the key piece of legislation that fulfills the role described in the question.