What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

Decomposers play a critical role in ecosystems by breaking down dead organic material. This process is essential for nutrient cycling, as decomposers such as bacteria, fungi, and certain insects facilitate the decomposition of plant and animal matter. When these organisms break down organic debris, they release nutrients back into the soil, making them available for primary producers, like plants. This nutrient recycling supports plant growth and the overall productivity of the ecosystem.

Additionally, the activities of decomposers help in maintaining the balance of ecosystems by preventing the accumulation of dead material and controlling disease by hastening the breakdown of dead organisms. In this way, decomposers contribute to the sustainability of ecosystems and support various trophic levels, making their role indispensable.