In the equation for population abundance, which term represents biotic factors?

The correct answer encompasses all of the terms provided: births, deaths, and immigration, as they collectively represent biotic factors influencing population abundance.

Biotic factors refer to the living components of an ecosystem that affect population dynamics. Births contribute to the growth of a population by adding individuals, which increases overall abundance. Deaths, on the other hand, reduce population size as individuals are removed from the population. Immigration adds individuals from outside the population, thereby increasing abundance as well.

Each of these elements plays a critical role in shaping population trends and dynamics. Births and deaths are integral to the natural cycle of populations, reflecting growth and decline, while immigration provides genetic diversity and potential for population expansion. Understanding the interplay of these biotic factors is essential for effective wildlife management and conservation efforts.