How is pollution defined in ecological terms?

Pollution in ecological terms is defined as the contamination of natural resources. This definition encompasses the introduction of harmful substances or contaminants into the environment that adversely affect the health of ecosystems, wildlife, and human populations. Pollution can occur through various means, including industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, plastic waste, and air pollutants.

Understanding pollution as contamination highlights its detrimental effects. For example, when waterways are polluted with chemicals, it can lead to the decline of aquatic life, disrupt food chains, and render drinking water unsafe for humans and animals alike. This underscores the importance of pollution control and management strategies in conservation efforts aimed at protecting natural resources and maintaining ecological balance.

The other options, such as the creation of new habitats, enhancement of biodiversity, or natural degradation of resources, do not accurately capture what pollution entails. Instead, they imply positive ecological processes or outcomes, which are contrary to the consequences pollution typically brings to ecosystems.